Chloride is a naturally occurring element that is common in most natural waters and is most often found as a component of salt (sodium chloride) or in some cases in combination with potassium or calcium. Analysis of chloride to bromide ratios in groundwater indicated that deicing salt is the dominant source of chloride in TCMA groundwater resources (MPCA, 2013), although water softening salt could also be a source, since sodium chloride salt is … Concentrations of chloride in base-flow samples were predictive of maximum measured chloride concentrations, indicating that inputs of chloride from groundwater and (or) point-source wastewater discharges increase the likelihood of samples exceeding the recommended chronic aquatic criterion. The presence of chloride in groundwater can result from a number of sources including the weathering of soils, salt-bearing geological formations, deposition of salt spray, As such, well owners near snowy roads or road salting storage facilities are … Compared to background concentrations, chloride concentrations are typically elevated in shallow ground water under urban land use, around septic systems, near waste impoundments and occasionally under agricultural fields. Small quantities of chloride have little effect on the use of water.

The use of road salt—sodium chloride, the same chemical as table salt—for deicing is a major manmade source of chloride to surface water and groundwater. each year (Sander et al., 2007). Vinyl chloride has been reported in groundwater as a degradation product of the chlorinated solvents trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene (IPCS, 1999). The average concentrations of chloride in rainfall and in the groundwater during the same period are (Cl ¯) r = 8.34 mg / l and (Cl ¯) gw = 91.7 mg / l, respectively.

In 13 of the streams, chloride concentrations increased over the study period even during non-deicing periods such as summer, suggesting that chloride infiltrated into the shallow groundwater system in the winter and was slowly released to the streams throughout the year as baseflow. Chloride concentrations in streams and groundwater that originated from wet deposition of chloride are different from concentrations measured in precipitation because of the concentration of chloride by the process of evapotranspiration. The necessary data for the application of refined CMB method are given in Table 4.11. Groundwater samples for average chloride concentration are taken from the upstream wells. In 1986, chloride concentrations as high as 60,000 mg/L were observed adjacent to the evaporation pond. Food Chloride occurs naturally in foodstuffs at levels normally less than 0.36 mg/g. Vinyl chloride is a manufactured substance, used mostly to make polyvinyl chloride … Drainage from salt springs and sewage, oil fields, and other industrial wastes may add large amounts of chloride to streams and groundwater reservoirs. 2.

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